Pengertian Passive Voice dalam Bahasa Inggris dan Contoh Lengkap – Passive voice atau kalimat pasif adalah kalimat yang fokus pada aksi/kegiatan yang disampaikan dalam suatu kalimat, ia tidak terfokus pada subjeknya. Dalam bahasa Indonesia, misalnya kata menolong, minum, dan makan, menjadi ditolong, diminum, dan dimakan.
Ada beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif dalam bahasa Inggris:
1. Mengubah objek dalam bentuk aktif menjadi subjek dalam bentuk pasif.
Contoh : The cat eats fish. -› Fish is eaten by cat.
Dalam bentuk aktif fish menjadi objek, ketika diubah menjadi bentuk pasif, fish menjadi subjeknya.
2. Letakkan by sesudah kata kerja utama dalam kalimat pasif sebelum subjek. Namun keadaan tertentu by tidak diikutsertakan karena teks telah dipahami.
Contoh: Fish is eaten by cat.
3. Kata kerja yang dipakai adalah Verb 3 yang didahului to be.
Contoh: Fish is eaten by cat
4. Susunan kalimat dan penggunaan to be dalam kalimat pasif disesuaikan dengan tenses pada kalimat aktifnya.
5. Adapun pola dasar yang dipakai dalam kalimat pasif adalah:
To be + past participle (Verb 3)
Contoh:
Aktif : Keenan helps me. (Keenan menolong saya.)
Pasif : I am helped by Keenan. ( Saya ditolong Keenan.)
6. Kata kerja yang dapat diubah menjadi kalimat pasif adalah kata kerja transitif, yaitu kata kerja yang membutuhkan objek. Kata kerja intransitif (kata kerja yang tidak membutuhkan objek) tidak dibenarkan dalam bentuk pasif.
Contoh:
An accident is happened.
Ini merupakan bentuk yang tidak dibenarkan dalam kalimat pasif bahasa Inggris, karena kata “happened” adalah kata kerja intransitive (kata kerja yang tidak membutuhkan objek).
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Rumus dan Contoh dalam Kalimat
1. Present Passive Voice
| Tenses | Active | Passive |
|---|---|---|
| Simple present tense | Verb 1 | Is/am/are +Verb 3 |
| Present continous tense | Is/am/are + Verb-ing | Is/am/are + being + Verb 3 |
| Present perfect tense | Has/have + verb 3 | Has/have + been + Verb 3 |
Contoh Kalimat:
• I speak Lampungnese everyday. (Aktif)
• Lampungnese is spoken by me everyday. (Pasif)
• She is reading a newspaper. (Aktif)
• A newspaper is being read by her. (Pasif)
• Sabila has eaten the cake. (Aktif)
• The cake has been eaten by Sabila. (Pasif)
2. Past Passive Voice
| Tense | Active | Passive |
|---|---|---|
| Simple past tense | Verb 2 | Was/were + Verb 3 |
| Past continuous tense | Was/were + Verb-ing | Was/were + Being +Verb 3 |
| Past perfect tense | Had + Verb 3 | Had + been + Verb 3 |
Contoh kalimat:
• Yani studied English last night. (Aktif)
• English was studied by Yani last night. (Pasif)
• They were playing football. (Aktif)
• Football was being played by them. (Pasif)
• We had finished the project. (Aktif)
• The project had been finished by us. (Pasif)
3. Future Passive Voice
| Tense | Active | Passive |
|---|---|---|
| Simple future tense | Will/shall + verb 1 | Will/shall + be + Verb 3 |
| Future continuous tense | Will/shall + be + verb-ing | Will/shall + be + being + Verb 3 |
| Future perfect tense | Will/shall + have + verb 3 | Will/shall + have + been + verb 3 |
• Febri will study English well. (Aktif)
• English will be studied well by Febri. (Pasif)
• My mom will be cooking chicken soup. (Aktif)
• Chicken soup will be being cooked by my mom. (Pasif)
• Afgan will have sung three songs. (Aktif)
• Three songs will have been sung by Afgan. (Pasif)
4. Modal Auxiliary Passive Voice
| Active | Passive | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Can-could | + Verb 1 | Can-could | + be + Verb 3 |
| May-might | May-might | ||
| Will-would | Will-would | ||
| Must-had to | Must-had to | ||
| Shall-should | Shall-should | ||
| Ought to | Ought to |
Contoh kalimat:
• He may borrow my book. (Aktif)
• My book may be borrowed by him. (Pasif)
• She must do the assignment. (Aktif)
• The assignment must be done by her. (Pasif)
• They should put the bags on the corner. (Aktif)
• The bags should be put on the corner by them. (Pasif)
